Any opinions, findings, views, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views, official policies, or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the sponsors. įunding: Preparation of the manuscript has been partially funded by NSF grant #1734938-IIS, "Neuroimaging to Advance Computer Vision, NLP, and AI" to JMS, EM, and RBW, NSF grant #1932547, "RF Sensing for Sign Language Driven Smart Environments" to EM, NSF grant #1522954-IIS, "RobotSLANG: Simultaneous Localization, Mapping, and Language Acquisition" to JMS, IARPA contract #D17PC00341, "Intelligent Video Activity Detection and Recognition" from the Department of Interior/Interior Business Center (DOI/IBC) to JMS, and NIH grant #108306, "Computational methods for the study of American Sign Language nonmanuals using very large databases" to RBW. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: Data are available from. Received: ApAccepted: DecemPublished: February 25, 2022Ĭopyright: © 2022 Bradley et al. This suggests the existence of visual biases that underlie detection of linguistic categories, such as transitivity, which may uncouple from underlying conceptual representations over time in mature sign languages due to lexicalization processes.Ĭitation: Bradley C, Malaia EA, Siskind JM, Wilbur RB (2022) Visual form of ASL verb signs predicts non-signer judgment of transitivity. Further, non-signers cue in on just those features that code event representations across sign languages, despite interpreting them differently. We found that non-signers did not accurately guess the transitivity of the signs, but that non-signer transitivity judgments can nevertheless be predicted from the signs’ visual characteristics. To do this, we correlated non-signer judgments about transitivity of verb signs from American Sign Language (ASL) with phonological characteristics of these signs. To this end, we asked what visual cues non-signers may use in evaluating transitivity (i.e., the number of entities involved in an action). However, little is known about what makes action representations in sign language iconic, or whether and how the mapping of underlying event representations to syntactic encoding is visually apparent in the form of a verb sign. recognized by non-signers as well as signers, and have identified specific visual cues that achieve this mapping. Experimental research on linguistic parameters such as plurality and aspect has recently shown some of them to be visually universal in sign, i.e. ![]() In the same vein, sign languages have long been claimed to construct signs that visually represent their meaning, i.e., signs that are iconic. Longstanding cross-linguistic work on event representations in spoken languages have argued for a robust mapping between an event’s underlying representation and its syntactic encoding, such that–for example–the agent of an event is most frequently mapped to subject position.
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